Cybersecurity Challenges, Vulnerabilities, and Emerging Security Solutions in the Internet of Things

Abstract

IoT has been revolutionising the world of digital ecosystems by enabling smart, interconnected devices to exchange information across domains such as healthcare, transportation, industry, smart cities, and many others. As IoT expands, emerging cybersecurity challenges stem from resource constraints, heterogeneity, weak authentication, software vulnerabilities, and insecure channels. The proposed survey discusses the prominent security challenges and vulnerabilities in IoT frameworks and presents potential solutions like lightweight cryptography, blockchain, AI-powered IDS, federated learning, and secure authentication schemes. The research highlights the importance of a layered and flexible security approach to enhance IoT security posture, covering its confidentiality, integrity, and availability, so that we can build a secure and robust IoT world.